Complete Mold Steel Selection Guide — A Practical Reference for Mold Makers

[Q] 核心问题：**Summary**: A comprehensive reference covering mold steel classification, grade comparison tables, heat treatment parameters, surface treatments, and

一句话回答：**Summary**: A comprehensive reference covering mold steel classification, grade comparison tables, heat treatment parameters, surface treatments, and buying strategies. Designed for international mold engineers and procurement professionals.

核心原理

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              MOLD STEEL CLASSIFICATION           │
├──────────────┬──────────────┬────────────────────┤
│ Cold Work    │ Hot Work     │ Plastic Mold       │
│ Steel        │ Steel        │ Steel              │
├──────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ D2 / SKD11   │ H13 / 1.2344 │ P20 / 718H / NAK80  │
│ DC53 / 2379  │ 8407 / DAC   │ S136 / 2311 / 2738  │
│ Cr12MoV      │ Dievar       │                     │
├──────────────┼──────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ Working temp │ Working temp │ Working temp       │
│ <300°C       │ up to 600°C  │ <200°C             │
│ HRC 58-64    │ HRC 44-52    │ HRC 28-52         │
│ Stamping/    │ Die casting/ │ Injection molding │
│ shearing     │ extrusion/   │                    │
│              │ forging      │                    │
└──────────────┴──────────────┴────────────────────┘

GradeInternational EquivalentHardness (HRC)C %Cr %Wear ResistanceToughnessTypical Application D21.2379 / SKD1160-631.40-1.6011.0-13.0★★★★★★★★☆☆High-wear blanking dies Cr12MoV-58-621.45-1.7011.0-12.5★★★★☆★★★☆☆General blanking dies DC53-60-630.90-1.057.0-8.0★★★★☆★★★★☆Precision blanking A21.236357-620.95-1.054.75-5.50★★★☆☆★★★★☆General tooling O11.251057-620.85-1.000.40-0.60★★★☆☆★★★★☆Small dies, gauges ASP23 (PM HSS)-63-661.274.10★★★★★★★★★★Long-life punches

Key selection factors for cold work steel:

Simple blanking (<10K pcs) → D2/SKD11 (best cost-performance)
Precision blanking (>100K pcs) → DC53 (better toughness, less crack risk)
Ultra-long life (>500K pcs) → ASP23/PM HSS (3-5x longer than D2)
Thin/long punches → DC53 or PM steel (prevent breakage)

GradeInternationalHardness (HRC)Max Temp (°C)Thermal FatigueTypical Life (K cycles)Application H131.2344 / SKD6144-50600★★★★☆80-150Al die casting, hot extrusion DAC (Japan)Modified H1346-51620★★★★☆100-180Al die casting 8407 (ASSAB)Premium H1346-52620★★★★★120-200Premium Al die casting Dievar (ASSAB)-48-54650★★★★★150-250Al/Mg die casting H213Cr2W8V / 1.258144-50650★★★☆☆60-100Cu alloy casting L65CrNiMo40-48500★★☆☆☆50-80Large forging dies

Selection guide by casting alloy:

Zinc alloy (~400°C) → H13/SKD61
Aluminum (~660°C) → 8407/DAC grade or higher
Magnesium (~650°C) → Dievar or premium grade
Copper alloy (900-1000°C) → H21 or specialized heat-resistant steel

GradeDelivery ConditionHardness (HRC)Polishability (SPI)Corrosion ResistancePrice (USD/kg)Application P20Pre-hardened28-35B1-C1Fair$2-4General mold bases 718H / 1.2738Pre-hardened33-38A2-B1Good$3-6Automotive, glossy parts NAK80Pre-hardened37-43A1Good$6-10Precision electronics S136 / 420SSAnnealed48-52A1 MirrorExcellent$5-10Optical lenses, PVC H13Annealed48-52B1Good$4-8High-temp plastics (PA/PEEK) 2316 / 1.2316Pre-hardened30-35A2Excellent$6-12Medical, corrosive plastics

Polishability reference (SPI standard):

A1: Diamond compound polish → Mirror finish (RA < 0.012 μm) — optical mold
A2: Alumina polish → High gloss (RA 0.012-0.025 μm) — automotive lenses
B1: 600-grit stone → Fine matt (RA 0.05-0.10 μm) — general mold
B2: 400-grit stone → Standard matt (RA 0.10-0.20 μm) — mold bases
C1: 320-grit paper → Industrial finish — non-cosmetic surfaces

GradeAnnealing (°C)Hardening (°C)Quenchant1st Temper (°C)2nd Temper (°C)Final HRC D2850-8701000-1020Oil/Air180-200510-52060-63 Cr12MoV850-8701020-1040Oil/Air180-200500-52058-62 H13840-8801020-1050Oil/Vacuum560-580540-56044-50 8407840-8801020-1050Vacuum530-580530-58046-52 Dievar820-8601000-1030Vacuum540-600540-60048-54 S136800-8501000-1050Oil/Vacuum180-250180-25048-52

**Vacuum heat treatment is strongly recommended for hot work steels

节点：L1-02e 状态：published 更新：2026-06-06

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